FUNCTIONS OF THE "PAST PERFECT"

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PAST PERFECT

The "past perfect" refers to a time before the recent past. It is used to indicate that an event occurred before another in the past. It does not matter which of the events is mentioned first, because the verb tense makes clear the temporal order in which they occurred.

In these examples, Event A is the one that first occurred and Event B took place next, it is the most recent:

Evento A	Evento B
John had gone out	when I arrived in the office.
Evento A	Evento B
I had saved my document	before the computer crashed.
Evento B	Evento A
When they arrived	we had already started cooking.
Evento B	Evento A
He was very tired	because he hadn't slept well.

FORMATION OF THE "PAST PERFECT"

In English, the "past perfect" is composed of two parts: the past of the verb to have (had) + the "past participle" of the main verb.

Sujeto	had	past participle
Afirmativa
She	had	given
Negativa
She	hadn't	asked.
Interrogativa
Had	they	arrived?
Interrogativa negativa
Hadn't	you	finished?

TO DECIDE, "PAST PERFECT"

Afirmativa	Negativa	Interrogativa
I had decided	I hadn't decided	Had I decided?
You had decided	You hadn't decided	Had you decided?
She had decided	She hadn't decided	Had she decided?
We had decided	We hadn't decided	Had we decided?
They had decided	They hadn't decided	Had they decided?

PAST PERFECT" + JUST

'Just' is used with the "past perfect" to refer to an event that occurred very shortly before another event located in the past, e.g.

• The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
• She had just left the room when the police arrived.
• I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.

Exercise

1. After Fred  (to spend) his holiday in Italy he  (to want) to learn Italian.
2. Jill  (to phone) Dad at work before she  (to leave) for her trip.
3. Susan  (to turn on) the radio after she  (to wash) the dishes.
4. When she  (to arrive) the match  already  (to start).
5. After the man  (to come) home he  (to feed) the cat.
6. Before he  (to sing) a song he  (to play) the guitar.
7. She  (to watch) a video after the children  (to go) to bed.
8. After Eric  (to make) breakfast he  (to phone) his friend.
9. I  (to be) very tired because I  (to study) too much.
10. They  (to ride) their bikes before they  (to meet) their friends.

Taken from:

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_simple_past.htm

https://www.ef.com.co/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/past-perfect/

Today's lesson is by Stephanie.