PRESENT PERFECT
The present perfect is more or less equivalent to the perfect preterite of Spanish. We will see the differences in the section on uses. In general, it is a mixture between the present and the past. We use it for actions in the past that are important in the present.
Grammatical Rules
Form
To form the present perfect, the
auxiliary verb "to have" is used in the present and the past
participle of the verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple
form of the past. See the simple past lesson for more information on how to
shape the past.
| Sujeto | Verbo auxiliar | Forma Corta | Participio Pasado |
|---|---|---|---|
| I, you, we, they | have | I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve | talked, learned, traveled… |
| he, she, it | has | he’s, she’s, it’s | talked, learned, traveled… |
Note: Keep in mind that there are many
irregular past participles in English. Below is a list of some of the most
common irregular past participles.
| Verbo | Pasado Simple | Participio pasado |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| make | made | made |
| see | saw | seen |
Structure
1. Affirmative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado…
- I have [I've] talked to Peter.
- She has [She's] gone to work.
- We have [We've] been to London.
- They have [They've] learned English.
2. Negative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + participio pasado…
Examples:
- I have not talked to Peter.
- She has not gone to work.
- We have not been to London.
- They have not learned English.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + participio pasado…?
- Have you talked to Peter?
- Have you gone to work?
- Have you been to London?
- Have they learned English?
Uses (Uses)
The perfect present is used for actions
that occurred in a non-concrete time before now. The specific time is not
important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific time expressions
("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...)
with the present perfect. You can use the present perfect with non-concrete
time expressions ("never", "ever", "many times",
"for", "since", "already", "yet" ...).
This concept of non-specific time is quite difficult to understand, for this
reason, below you have the particular uses of the present perfect.
1. The present perfect is used to
describe an experience. We do not use it for specific actions.
Examples:
- I have never flown in a plane
- I have worked in many different museums.
- We have been to Rio de Janeiro.
2. The present perfect is used for a
change in time.
Examples:
- I have become more shy in my old age.
- Their English has improved to lot this year.
- I have learned to be more patient.
3. It is used for successes or
achievements.
Examples:
- Our football team has won the championship three times.
- Dan has finished writing his first novel.
- Scientists have succeeded in curing many illnesses.
4. We use the present perfect for actions
that have not yet happened. The use of the present perfect in these cases
indicates that we are still waiting for the action, therefore, we frequently
use the adverbs "yet" and "still".
Examples:
- The plane has not arrived yet.
- Our team has not won a championship yet
- You have not finished your homework yet?
5. The present perfect is used to talk
about actions at different times in the past. The use of the present perfect in
these cases indicates that more actions are possible in the future.
Examples:
- We have spoken several times, but we still can not reach an agreement.
- Our team has played 4 games so far this year.
- I love New York! I have been there 5 times already and I can not wait to go back.
6.
Examples:
- How long has Michael been in Barcelona?
- I have loved you since the day I met you.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE EXERCISES WITH ANSWERS
2. He a lot of English papers. (bring)
3. She me about it. (tell)
4. I a long letter from father this week. (get)
5. She (just) ; she will speak to you in a minute. (come)
6. I to Radio City. (be)
7. I think the director the town. (leave)
8. I my office. (paint)
9. We her since she arrived to our city. (know)
10. I your name. (forget)
11. He the door. (close)
12. He it since we left him. (do)
13. I him my last penny. (give)
14. This order to many misunderstandings. (lead)
15. He his name on my book. (write)
16. She a new umbrella. (buy)
17. He my exercise over and over. (look)
18. I those books very cheaply. (buy)
19. He for two months. (work)
20. She a new job. (find)
21. He very well. (speak)
22. The children the whole pudding. (eat)
23. You many detective stories. (read)
24. Our team the first prize. (win)
25. My little daughter her finger with a knife. (cut)
Taken from:
http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-present-perfect-tense-exercises-with-answers.html#.W8_pmNJKjcs
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-present-perfect/present-perfect
Today's lesson is by Stephanie.
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