EVALUATION

Our teacher, Mrs Jones,(never / be) late for lessons.

There is another chair the woman.

My grandmother has knitted pullover for me.

If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English

The students(have) lunch in the canteen

If I don’t eat, ________________.
- I die.
- I would die.
Anne her bike next week. (to repair)

They hockey at school. (to play)

FUTURE PERFECT

https://d1avenlh0i1xmr.cloudfront.net/d49f4bee-990f-477e-8c87-d8132a1433e5/rules-for-future-perfect.jpg

FUTURE PERFECT

There are two main ways to express the future. Unlike the simple future, in the perfect time, the use of them is generally interchangeable.

Grammatical Rules

Structure

1. Affirmative Sentences

Sujeto + “will have” + participio pasado.

Sujeto + verbos auxiliar (to be) + “going to have” + participio pasado.

Example:

The party will [is going to] have ended by the time you finish work.

I’ll [I’m going to] have eaten before we meet.

2. Negative Sentences

Sujeto + “will” + “not” + “have” + participio pasado.

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + “not” + “going to have” + participio pasado.

Example:

The party won’t [isn’t going to] have ended by the time you finish work.

I won’t [I’m not going to] have eaten before we meet.

3. Interrogative Sentences

“Will” + sujeto + “have” + participio pasado?

Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + “going to have” + participio pasado?

Example:

Will [Is] the party [going to] have ended before you finish work?

Will [Are] you [going to] have eaten before we meet?

Uses

1. The perfect future is used for actions that will be finished before another action in the future. Also, it can be used to express that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

Example:

I’ll have finished my studies before I start my new job.

Is Mike going to have trained enough before his first game?

We won’t have become fluent in Spanish by the time we leave for Mexico next month.

2. We use the perfect future to show that something will continue until another action in the future.

Example:

Karen is going to have worked for 50 years by the time she retires.

Next week, I’ll have lived in Germany for 1 year.

VIDEO STEPHANIE GÓMEZ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vf9XI89JZ0

Future Perfect – Exercise 01

Change the verb into the correct form, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if you don't know. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints!

Taken from:
https://www.really-learn-english.com/future-perfect-exercises.html
https://www.ef.com.co/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/future-perfect/

Today's lesson is by Stephanie.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/image-files/past-perfect-continuous-infographic.jpg

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The perfect continuous past in English corresponds to the pluperfect of Spanish in which the indicative of the verb "estar" is used and the verb + ing. In general, we use it for actions in the process of realization in the past before another action occurred.

Grammatical Rules

Form

As in the present continuous perfect, the perfect continuous past is formed with the auxiliary verb "to have", "been" and the verb + ing.

Sujeto	Auxiliar	Verbo+ing
I, you, he, she, it, we, they	had been	studying, working, traveling…

Structure

1. Affirmative Sentences

Sujeto + “had” + “been” + verbo+ing…

Example:

I had [I’d] been studying English for 2 years when I went to London.

Lindsay had been working at the store since 2005 when it closed.

They were surprised when the airline lost their baggage as they had [they’d] been traveling for weeks without a problem.

2. Negative Sentences

Sujeto + “had” + “not” + “been” + verbo+ing…

Example:

I had not [hadn’t] been studying English long when I went to London.

Lindsay had not [hadn’t] been working at the store for long when it closed.

They had not [hadn’t] been traveling long before they had their first problem.

3. Interrogative Sentences

“Had” + sujeto + “been” + verbo+ing?

Example:

Had you been studying English for a long time before you went to London?

Had Lindsay been working at the store for a long time when it closed?

Had they been traveling for a long time when the airline lost their luggage?

Uses

1. We use the continuous perfect past to refer to something we had been doing (in process) when another action interrupted it. The continuous perfect past is used for action in process and the past simple for interrupting action. When we refer to something that we have been doing over a period of time, therefore, we usually use the prepositions of "for" or "since" time.

Example:

I’d been working for hours when I fell asleep at my desk.

Frank bought a new car. He’d been looking for one since last year.

We’d been arguing for days when Elizabeth found a resolution.

2. It is used to demonstrate cause and effect in the past.

Example:

She was tired because she’d been working too much.

They were angry because they’d been waiting for me for hours.

Exercise on Past Perfect

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect).

We (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up.
They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
We (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
I (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
How long (learn / she) English before she went to London?
Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long.
He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day.
I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
They (cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

Taken from:

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/past-perfect-progressive/exercises

https://www.ef.com.co/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/past-perfect-continuous/

Today's lesson is by Stephanie.

PAST PERFECT

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Kfselt5xxq4/maxresdefault.jpg

PAST PERFECT

The perfect past in English corresponds to the pluperfect of Spanish. In general, we use it for actions that occurred before another action in the past.

Grammatical Rules

Form

As in the present perfect, the perfect past is formed with the auxiliary verb "to have" and the past participle. The auxiliary verb will be in the past.

Sujeto	Verbo Auxiliar	Forma Corta	Participio Pasado
I, you, he, she, it, we, they	had	I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, they’d	studied, visited, worked…

♣️Note: Be careful because the contraction "-'d" is also used with the modal verb "would" to form the conditional. As such, the short form "I'd" can have two different meanings. We can distinguish between these two meanings by the form of the main verb that follows them. If we mean "I'd" in the sense of perfect past, the main verb is in the form of a past participle, while with the conditional, "I'd" is followed by the verb in infinitive.

Structure

1. Affirmative Sentences

Sujeto + “had” + participio pasado…

Example:

I had [I’d] visited the Louvre before, so I knew where the Mona Lisa was.

They had [They’d] studied English before they went to London.

Henry changed careers because he had [he’d] worked as an accountant for many years and was bored.

2. Negative Sentences

Sujeto + “had” + “not” + participio pasado…

Example:

I had not [hadn’t] visited the Louvre before so I didn’t know where the Mona Lisa was.)

They had not [hadn’t] studied English before they went to London.

Henry changed careers even though he had not [hadn’t] worked as an accountant for long.

3. Interrogative Sentences

“Had” + sujeto + participio pasado…?

Example:

How did you know where the Mona Lisa was? Had you visited the Louvre before?

Had they studied English before they went to London?

Had Henry worked as an accountant for long before he changed careers?

Uses

1. We use the perfect past to refer to an action or event that started in the past and that precedes another action also in the past. The action that occurred first is in the past perfect and the one that follows in simple past.

Examples:

I'd read the book before I saw the movie
Donna had just left when you called.
Had you ever flown before the trip to France?

2. It is used for actions that occurred before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

I had already woken up when the alarm clock rang at 7am
I had not been to France before the trip in 2008.

3. Also, as in the present perfect, with some verbs we use the perfect past for situations that started in the past and that continued to a specific point in the past.

Examples:

She had only owned one car before she bought her new BMW.
I'd been depressed for a long time before I changed jobs

Exercise 1 - Past perfect

Kevin(go) home by the time I arrived.
Ethan suddenly realised that he(leave) his laptop on the train.
Mum was annoyed because I(not clean) my room.
(they / study) English before they went to the USA?
We were hungry because(not eat).
My phone didn't work because I(charge) it.
Why didn't you want to watch the film?(you / see) it before?
Sally was embarrassed because she(forget) her dad's birthday.

Taken from:

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_09_012e?cc=co&selLanguage=en

https://www.ef.com.co/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/past-perfect/

Today's lesson is by Stephanie.

MODALPERFECTS

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/modalperfects-121110120548-phpapp01/95/modal-perfects-2-638.jpg?cb=1352549206

MODAL PERFECTS

Modal verbs, as we saw in the previous lesson, express possibility or probability. When used with the infinitive form of the perfect ("have" + past participle), modal verbs indicate speculation about things in the past.

Uses

Must have

Examples:

The lights are off. They must have gone out.
I never see John and Claire together anymore. They must have separated
I know you love chocolate. It must have been difficult to say "no" to that piece of cake.
John never called you last night? I must have been working late.
Frank failed the exam. I have not been paying attention in class.

May have / Might have

"May have" and "might have" are used to express possibility in the past. The use of these two manners also expresses uncertainty.

Examples:

I think it may have worked, but we gave up too soon
They could have won if their star player had not been injured.
I do not know, it might have been different if you were there.

Can’t have

"Can not have" is used in a similar way to "must have", but in the negative way. We can use "can not have" when we are fairly certain that something did not happen or that it was not true in the past.

Examples:

I know you love chocolate. It can not have been easy to say "no" to that piece of cake.
Frank failed the exam. I can not have paid attention in class
They had a lot of work to do and little time. They can not have finished everything.

Could have

"Could not have" can be used instead of "can not have".

Examples:

I know you love chocolate. It could not have been easy to say "no" to that piece of cake.
Frank failed the exam. I could not have paid attention in class.
They had a lot of work to do and little time. They could not have finished everything.

"Could have" is also used to express that something was possible in the past but it did not really happen.

Examples:

If it had not stopped raining, the party could have been a disaster.
She could have run faster, but she wanted to save her energy.

"Could have", in the affirmative, is similar to "might have" or "may have", expresses possibility in the past.

Examples:

I think it could have worked, but we gave up too soon.
They could have won if their star player had not been injured.
I do not know, it could have been different if you were there.

Should have / Ought to have

"Should have" and "ought to have" is used when something did not happen, but it would have been better if it had happened. In the negative, these referents indicate that something happened, but it would have been better if it had not been like that.

Examples:

I told you, you should have studied more!
Ben ought to have gone to the doctor sooner. Now they say it will be a month before he's fully recovered
We should have left earlier. Now we are going to be late.
I should not have eaten that last cookie.
She should not have been angry, it was not your fault.

Would have

Taken from:
https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/modal-perfects

https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-present-perfect/modal-perfects

Today's lesson is by Stephanie.

past simple & past perfect

martes, 23 de octubre de 2018

EVALUATION

EVALUATION

FUTURE PERFECT

FUTURE PERFECT

There are two main ways to express the future. Unlike the simple future, in the perfect time, the use of them is generally interchangeable.

Grammatical Rules

Structure

Uses

Future Perfect – Exercise 01

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The perfect continuous past in English corresponds to the pluperfect of Spanish in which the indicative of the verb "estar" is used and the verb + ing. In general, we use it for actions in the process of realization in the past before another action occurred.

Grammatical Rules

Form

Structure

Uses

Exercise on Past Perfect

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

The perfect past in English corresponds to the pluperfect of Spanish. In general, we use it for actions that occurred before another action in the past.

Grammatical Rules

Form

Structure

Uses

Exercise 1 - Past perfect

MODALPERFECTS

MODAL PERFECTS

Uses

Must have

May have / Might have

Can’t have

Could have

Should have / Ought to have

Would have

EVALUATION

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